MySQL Operating system error number 13

The start of the Mysql server fails and in the syslog the following error message is displayed:

Feb 23 19:30:50 v21080422 mysqld_safe[22878]: started
Feb 23 19:30:50 v21080422 mysqld[22881]: 100223 19:30:50  InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
Feb 23 19:30:50 v21080422 mysqld[22881]: InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to
Feb 23 19:30:50 v21080422 mysqld[22881]: InnoDB: the directory.
Feb 23 19:30:50 v21080422 mysqld[22881]: InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1
Feb 23 19:30:50 v21080422 mysqld[22881]: InnoDB: File operation call: 'open'.
Feb 23 19:30:50 v21080422 mysqld[22881]: InnoDB: Cannot continue operation.
Feb 23 19:30:50 v21080422 mysqld_safe[22888]: ended

The problem is that the files required by MySQL have the wrong rights or the wrong user (groups). The following commands set the correct user ¹⁾.

setuser-mysql.txt

chown -R mysql /var/run/mysqld
chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql
chown -R mysql /var/log/mysql
 
chgrp -R root /var/run/mysqld
chgrp -R adm /var/lib/mysql
chgrp -R adm /var/log/mysql